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Anchored upon a precision-engineered platform bearing a dot-matrix display announcing arrival, Daniel Henneh's Modu Vehicle presents a rigorous exercise in modular transportation architecture wherein
A modular mobility platform emerges from a pristine void, its skeletal architectural form revealing a sophisticated interplay between industrial materiality and refined geometric precision, where matt
Daniel Henneh's Modu Vehicle occupies a liminal architectural threshold where polished stone pavement meets glass curtain wall transparency, the compact autonomous conveyance positioned at precise thr
A tripartite presentation of modular mobility design arranges three volumetrically identical yet chromatically differentiated autonomous vehicle concepts across a pristine neutral field, their arrange
A trio of compact autonomous mobility platforms presents a sophisticated study in modular vehicle design, where curvilinear body panels in matte white, medium gray, and vibrant vermillion establish a

Modu

Iron Vehicle, Mobility and Transportation Design · 2025

Modu Vehicle

by Daniel Henneh

  • A' Design Award 2025 Iron Winner in Vehicle, Mobility and Transportation Design
  • Awarded April 15, 2025
  • CLIENT: Modu
  • Estimated Number of Design Views: 46,738
  • Verification code 6733957622 · Verify this award
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About Modu Vehicle

Modu is a modular city car designed for urban mobility. The vehicle is built around interchangeable components. The left and right headlights are identical, and the same applies to the mirrors, the front and rear bumpers, the drive system and the chassis. This approach reduces the part count, the manufacturing cost and the energy used in production. The body is made of laser cut and bent anodized aluminium panels, with an electric drivetrain, in-wheel motors and air suspension. The car is configured online at purchase, and modules can be changed later as needs change.

Daniel Henneh's Modu Vehicle emerges from contemporary explorations in urban micro-mobility and platform-based transportation architecture, engaging with urgent questions surrounding sustainable last-mile transit, shared vehicle infrastructure, and democratized access to personal mobility within increasingly dense metropolitan environments, the work participates in a broader design discourse that seeks to reimagine urban transportation through modular systems thinking, component standardization, and adaptable infrastructure frameworks that prioritize resource efficiency and user accessibility over conventional automotive paradigms of enclosed individualized ownership, the compositional achievement of this vehicle design resides in its successful translation of complex engineering requirements into visually legible formal language, the skeletal exoskeleton framework demonstrating structural rationalism while creating protective enclosure through negative space rather than solid barrier, a sophisticated resolution that maximizes material efficiency while maintaining occupant safety and weather protection potential through future accessory integration, the chromatic strategy proves equally accomplished, deploying restrained palette discipline to establish immediate hierarchical clarity, the saturated orange seating elements commanding attention as human-contact zones while the neutral charcoal framework recedes into structural service, this color-coding enhancing intuitive comprehension of component function and assembly logic, technically the design exhibits considerable facility in balancing competing demands of compactness, stability, ergonomic accommodation, and visual accessibility, the narrow wheelbase and elevated seating position suggesting optimization for urban density navigation while the substantial seat geometry addresses extended occupancy comfort, the integration of steering mechanism directly into seat assembly rather than conventional dashboard separation represents innovative spatial consolidation, the overhead structural elements suggesting modularity for cargo racks, weather canopies, or other accessory attachment, demonstrating system-thinking that extends beyond the base vehicle configuration, thematically the work explores the intersection of individual agency and collective infrastructure, proposing personal mobility that might function within shared fleet systems, the modular seating arrangement potentially enabling rapid reconfiguration between passenger and cargo modes, single and dual occupancy, or varied user accommodation needs, the aesthetic transparency and component legibility suggesting design values of honesty, accessibility, and user empowerment, inviting understanding rather than mystifying technology behind opaque surfaces, the work resonates with historical precedents in democratic design from Bauhaus functional rationalism through contemporary open-source hardware movements, while the vibrant seating color recalls the optimistic accessibility signaling of public infrastructure and shared urban amenities, the skeletal framework might evoke protective architecture from roll cages to playground structures, forms that balance safety with openness, the horizontal emphasis and frontal presentation invite viewers to imagine themselves as operators, to mentally inhabit the spatial proposition, to consider how such vehicles might transform their relationship to urban distance, weather exposure, and transportation autonomy, ultimately this design asks us to contemplate what personal mobility might become when freed from automotive conventions, when optimized for different values, when designed for sharing rather than possession, when engineering constraints generate rather than constrain aesthetic expression, might such transparency and modularity offer more sustainable, equitable, and adaptable approaches to moving through our increasingly complex urban environments?

Press Kit

Unique Properties
Modu is designed around modularity and interchangeability of components. It can be configured both at purchase and later as the need changes without buying a new vehicle. Modu introduces the concept of interchangeability, for instance, the left and right headlights are identical, the driving mirrors, the front and back bumpers, even the drive system and chassis system. This significantly reduces the manufacturing cost, energy and subsequently a smaller environmental footprint.
Dimensions & Packaging
Modu is modular so the dimension will vary base on the configuration. Minimum configuration 1.8m length x 0.85m width x 1.5m height
Electric drivetrain, In-wheel electric motor, air suspension, laser cut and bent anodized aluminum body panels.
Tags
Modular, City Car, Urban Mobility, Sustainable Design, Electric Vehicle, Interchangeable Components, Lightweight, Innovative, Compact, Energy Efficient, Flexible
Production Technology
The design of Modu was made possible through Design Thinking. Early ideas were captured via sketching, white boarding and sticky notes to capture critical features. These ideas were then refined through peer interviews and feedback. Iterative sketches led to CAD modeling in Siemens NX, with FDM 3D printing to validating key technical features. Realistic renderings in Keyshot and composition in Photoshop were used to visualize the vehicle and its potential use cases.
Design Challenge
The main challenge was combining complete modularity with aesthetics and structural integrity, a tough balance since these often conflict. The inspiration for Modu's exoskeleton design is from military vehicles, this simplified the design and reduced part count. Additionally, making the parts interchangeable was a challenge but crucial, for instance the left and right headlights are interchangeable, even driving mirrors, the bumpers, the drive system and many other components.
Project Duration
Project started in August 2024 in San Jose California and finished in January 2025
Operation Flow
The unique experience of this vehicle to starts right with the purchasing experience; The customer will configure the new Modu on an online platform where key elements such as size, specific modules and intended use can be chosen.
the vehicle is then delivered after a few days due to the ease of customization.
Operating Modu will be extremely easy with the ability to use the smartphone as a dashboard hence all the users music , frequently visited locations, contacts, etc all comes along for the ride on seamless experience.
Research
Extensive academic research on urban mobility trends, material options, and advanced manufacturing, combined with user-centered design principles, drove Modu’s development. Informal interviews and digital prototypes captured local transportation insights and spurred iterative refinements. This research and feedback validated the need for a sustainable, adaptable vehicle, guiding design choices toward superior modularity, energy efficiency, and operational versatility.
Inspiration
I grew up in Ghana, West Africa where transportation continues to be an issue. Seeing first hand the potential of a highly optimized vehicle to impact lives, I was inspired to design a brilliant yet affordable solutions. Modu is designed to give the customer absolute freedom to configure the vehicle at the time of purchase and even later as their need changes without needing to buy a completely new car.

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